€1 million EU funding for Chinese medicine research

King’s College London – King’s College London successfully led a consortium bid for €995,100 of EU funding for a ground-breaking research project that will play an important role in the unification of Western and Chinese approaches to medicine.

The project entitled ‘Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in the Post-genomic Era’ (GP-TCM) will review the current status of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research, identify problems and propose solutions by applying modern methods of investigation, as well as providing a forum for the exchange of opinions, experience and expertise among scientists in the EU and China.

The three-year project aims to propose guidelines and priority areas for future research, and will lead to the formation of a new academic society, the European Society of TCM Research, which is to facilitate and foster sustainable EU-China collaboration in this area.

The research consortium consists of 29 beneficiary partner institutions and small-and-medium-sized enterprises from the EU and China. Partnerships with more than 20 additional non-beneficiary institutions, companies and independent experts are further strengthening its research.

Holistic approach

Dr Qihe Xu, Lecturer in the Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Gene and Cell Based Therapy, and coordinator of the project, explains: ‘In contrast to the reductionist approach of Western medicine that is based on modern anatomy and cell and molecular biology, TCM uses a unique theory system and an individualised holistic approach to describe health and disease, which is based on the philosophy of Yin-Yang balance. These two medicine systems disagree with each other in many situations since they observe health from their own limited perspective. GP-TCM aims to inform best practice and harmonise research of the safety and efficacy of TCM, especially Chinese herbal medicines and acupuncture, in the EU.’

‘The project will be divided into ten parts, which will review aspects of quality control, extraction and analysis of Chinese herbal medicines. Discussion fora that explore the role of functional genomics methodology in researching the safety, efficacy and mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines and acupuncture are at the core of this project. New guidelines about good practice and agreed protocols in related research areas will harmonise future TCM research in the EU, and online tools and research resources will be made available to all EU member states. As an open-start and open-ending consortium, we will invite more organisations to become involved in the work.’

Professor Peter Hylands, Head of the Department of Pharmacy and Director of the Centre for Natural Medicines Research, continues: ‘We are delighted to be part of this unique group. In the Centre for Natural Medicines Research at King’s we are examining the application of emerging technologies to the solution of difficult problems in the use of traditional medicines. This forum provides an unparalleled opportunity to share our experiences with Chinese and European colleagues and together to develop a 21st-century road map for the global development of traditional medicines.’

Professor Bruce Hendry, Professor of Renal Medicine, concludes: ‘This programme grant is an excellent opportunity for King’s College London to play a leading role in the unification of Western and Chinese approaches to medicinal therapeutics.’

Brain Cancer

What is brain cancer?

Brain cancer is a disease of the brain in which cancer cells (malignant) arise in the brain tissue. Cancer cells grow to form a mass of cancer tissue (tumor) that interferes with brain functions such as muscle control, sensation, memory, and other normal body functions. Tumors composed of cancer cells are called malignant tumors, and those composed of noncancerous cells are called benign tumors. Cancer cells that develop from brain tissue are called primary brain tumors while tumors that spread from other body sites to the brain are termed metastatic brain tumors. Statistics suggest that brain cancer occurs infrequently and is likely to develop in about 22,000 new people per year in 2009, with about 13,000 deaths as estimated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Not all brain tumors are alike, even if they arise from the same type of brain tissue. Tumors are assigned a grade depending on how the cells in the tumor appear microscopically. The grade also provides insight as to the cell’s growth rate. NCI lists the following grades:

• Grade I: The tissue is benign. The cells look nearly like normal brain cells, and they grow slowly.
• Grade II: The tissue is malignant. The cells look less like normal cells than do the cells in a grade I tumor.
• Grade III: The malignant tissue has cells that look very different from normal cells. The abnormal cells are actively growing (anaplastic).
• Grade IV: The malignant tissue has cells that look most abnormal and tend to grow quickly.

The most common primary brain tumors are usually named for the brain tissue type from which they originally developed. These are gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, vestibular schwannomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (medulloblastomas). Gliomas have several subtypes which include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, and choroid plexus papillomas. When the grades are coupled with the tumor name, it gives doctors a better understanding about the severity of the brain cancer. For example, a grade III (anaplastic) glioma is an aggressive tumor, while an acoustic neuroma is a grade I benign tumor. However, even benign tumors can cause serious problems if they grow big enough to cause increased intracranial pressure or obstruct vascular structures or cerebrospinal fluid flow.

What is metastatic brain cancer?

Cancer cells that develop in a body organ such as the lung (primary cancer tissue type) can spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other body organs such as the brain. Tumors formed by such cancer cells that spread (metastasize) to other organs are called metastatic tumors. Metastatic brain cancer is a mass of cells (tumor) that originated in another body organ and has spread into the brain tissue. Metastatic tumors in the brain are more common than primary brain tumors. They are usually named after the tissue or organ where the cancer first developed (for example, metastatic lung or breast cancer tumors in the brain, which are the most common types found).

What causes brain cancer?

Primary brain tumors arise from many types of brain tissue (for example, glial cells, astrocytes, and other brain cell types). Metastatic brain cancer is caused by the spread of cancer cells from a body organ to the brain. However, the causes for the change from normal cells to cancer cells in both metastatic and primary brain tumors are not fully understood. Data gathered by research scientists show that people with certain risk factors are more likely to develop brain cancer. Individuals with risk factors such as having a job in an oil refinery, as a chemist, embalmer, or rubber-industry worker show higher rates of brain cancer. Some families have several members with brain cancer, but heredity as a cause for brain tumors has not been proven. Other risk factors such as smoking, radiation exposure, and viral infection (HIV) have been suggested but not proven to cause brain cancer. There is no good evidence that brain cancer is contagious, caused by head trauma, or caused by cell phone use. Although many lay press and Web articles claim that aspartame (artificial sweetener) causes brain cancer, as of 2009, the FDA maintains that it does not cause brain cancer and base their findings on over 100 toxicological and clinical studies regarding the sweetener’s safety.

Why don’t brain tumors respond to medication?

Malignant brain tumors often fail to respond to promising new medication. Researchers in Heidelberg have discovered a mechanism and a tumor marker for the development of this resistance. A “death receptor” can possibly provide information as to how great the chances of success are for chemotherapy. At the same time, it offers a new approach for promising brain tumor therapy.

Dr. Wolf Mller, senior consultant in the Neuropathology Department at the Institute of Pathology of Heidelberg University Hospital, and his team were able to show that certain brain tumors (astrocytomas) can deactivate a crucial protein on their cell surface, the so-called death receptor. The medication docks onto this receptor and causes the cells to die. An intact “death receptor” can thus serve as a tumor marker for whether or not a therapy has a chance of success. The study was conducted with funding from the Tumor Center of Heidelberg/Mannheim and was published in the journal Clinical Cancer Research.

Primary brain tumors that develop from brain cells, in particular their most malignant variant the glioblastoma, have a very poor prognosis. Although various kinds of therapies are attempted, patients with a glioblastoma usually die within two years of diagnosis. The researchers are thus working at high speed to become more familiar with the biology of these tumors in order to develop more efficient treatment.

“Death receptor” can be switched on and off

The researchers in Heidelberg examined various primary brain tumors (astrocytomas, which also include glioblastomas) and discovered that the gene for the death receptor DR4 was switched off in up to 75 percent of cases by what is known as “promoter methylation”. This means that methyl groups accumulate at the segment of the gene that is crucial for its activity (expression). The gene’s information can thus no longer be read, the gene is silenced.

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Contact: Dr. Wolf C. Mller Wolf.Mueller@med.uni-heidelberg.de 062-215-639-912 University Hospital Heidelberg Source:Eurekalert

A Great Alkaline Meal Idea

I’ve talked a little bit before about how I was really getting into the idea of eating an alkaline diet and the alkine ionized water and how these can improve your quality of life.  Well, I’ve started to try to incorporate more alkaline rather than acid foods into my diet to see if it really can make a big difference in how I feel, what my level of health is, and certain health issues I’ve suffered with suchs as allergies and asthma and acne my whole life on and off.  So far, I do think that it helps with all of that, but I admit I haven’t stuck to it all the time either.  I haven’t yet purchased by alkaline ionized water machine yet as I’m still shopping around, so of course I’ll have more on that for you as well when I do buy it.

One of my favorite meals so far which I believe from what I’ve read thus far is one that involves brown rice and two alkaline veggies.  The tomatoes aren’t the most alkaline veggie, since mostly the dark leafy greens and other green veggies are supposed to be the best for that, but they are ok and are not highly acid producing as long as they are not cooked and are eaten fresh, so I figured it was ok to incorporate them into this little recipe of mine.

Here it is.  It’s brown basmati rice, cooked in vegetable stock with no preservatives or sugar in it and a variety of spice such as sage and cumin mixed in.  I also added organic wild rice to the mix for a little more texture and that awesome extra nutty flavor that pure wild rice adds to your rice dish.  I had read that brown basmatic rice was ok, but regular brown rice wasn’t, and that wild rice was ok as well so I assume those are both all right to eat.

Once the rice is done cooking, I cut up about a fourth of an avocado (a very alkaline vegetable) into small pieces, and also about a fourth of a fresh tomato into small cubes and topped the rice with that as well as a little sea salt.  Sea salt is preferred over regular table salt on the alkaline diet, and I prefer it’s flavor anyways, so that was just an added bonus. I am hooked on this recipe, it’s so flavorful and completely meat free, plus I don’t feel any discomfort even after eating a fairly large plate of it, and it gives me lots of energy.  A great alkaline recipe!

As I mentioned earlier, I’m very excited to bring to you soon a review of whatever alkaline ionized water machine I end up with.  So stay tuned folks!

How Bad Feelings Can Harm Your Health

By Ed Edelson
HealthDay Reporter

THURSDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) — A depressed emotional state — feelings of hopelessness and apathy — could have a direct effect on your physical health, new research indicates.

A study of stroke survivors found a slower rate of recovery among those experiencing apathy, caring little about themselves and the world around them. And a study of healthy middle-aged women found an association between hopelessness and unexpected thickening of the carotid artery, the main blood vessel to the brain.

Both findings are reported in the Aug. 27 issue of Stroke.

The apathy study was triggered by a 2006 paper on Parkinson’s disease in a different journal, said Nancy E. Mayo, a professor of medicine at McGill University in Montreal, and lead author of the apathy study. “It said that if patients were apathetic the best thing was just to leave them alone,” she said. “I was incensed that the author said we just shouldn’t care.”

So Mayo launched a study in which 408 family caregivers of stroke survivors filled out apathy questionnaires every four months, asking whether the survivor “waits for someone to do things that he or she can do for self,” or “just sits and watches” and the like.

It’s an admittedly imperfect method of measurement, Mayo said, “but we used what we had.” Reports indicated that a third of the stroke survivors had minor apathy through the first year, with 3% having high levels of apathy. Apathy worsened for 7% of the survivors, and eased for 7% during the year.

Measurements of physical function showed that “even very minor apathy had just as strong an impact on recovery as major apathy,” Mayo said. Answers about the quality of life of the stroke survivors, such as their engagement in social activities, found lesser improvement among those whose apathy worsened.

It’s not clear what can be done to help in such a situation, Mayo said, in large part because very little research has been done on apathy. “You can’t fix what you can’t measure,” she said. “This is a first attempt to sort things out. Since no one is paying attention, it is not surprising there are no treatments for it.”

Drug therapy is a vague possibility, along with behavioral therapy. “We don’t have anything that has evidence-based data other than being kind and enthusiastic,” Mayo said. “Were looking at clues from addiction research. There needs to be a lot of work.”

The report on the physical effect of hopelessness was an offshoot of a nationwide study of cardiovascular disease in women, said study author Susan A. Everson-Rose, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota.

She and her colleagues singled out 559 menopausal women with no history of cardiovascular disease to answer a two-item questionnaire about their expectations regarding future goals.

A previous study led by Everson-Rose, using the same questionnaire in Finnish men, found an association between hopelessness and cardiovascular disease outcome, she said, as did another study in women with documented cardiovascular disease.

This new study found a direct relationship between rising hopelessness and thickening of the lining of the carotid artery, a risk factor for stroke. Overall, women measuring higher on the hopelessness scale had .02 millimeters more thickening, equal to the amount caused by one year of aging. Women with the highest hopeless scores had an average .06 millimeters greater thickening than those with the lowest scores.

“This doesn’t necessarily mean that hopelessness had a direct physical effect, since it could be operating through mechanisms we didn’t measure,” Everson-Rose said.

But there is a clinical message, she said: “Physicians should tell patients that emotional states can have a physical effect, and that they should seek appropriate treatment for them. Psychiatric treatment for severe depression and hopelessness is warranted.”

SOURCES: Nancy E. Mayo, Ph.D, professor, medicine, McGill University, Montreal; Susan A. Everson-Rose, Ph.D, associate professor, medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Aug. 27, 2009, Stroke